Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics

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Veterinary gynaecology, andrology, and obstetrics include the study of the female and male reproductive systems, addressing pre-, peri-, and post-surgical as well as non-surgical interventions during parturition. This subject covers the anatomy and physiology of reproductive organs, reproductive endocrinology, oestrous cycles, breeding management, pregnancy, parturition, infertility, and obstetrical complications. It also includes andrology, covering male reproductive physiology, semen evaluation, and breeding soundness. Close subject description

Veterinary gynaecology, andrology, and obstetrics include the study of the female and male reproductive systems, addressing pre-, peri-, and post-surgical as well as non-surgical interventions during parturition.

This subject covers the anatomy and physiology of reproductive organs, reproductive endocrinology, oestrous cycles, breeding management, pregnancy, parturition, infertility, and obstetrical complications. It also includes andrology, covering male reproductive physiology, semen evaluation, and breeding soundness.

Veterinary Gynaecology

All topics
  1. Development of Male and Female Reproductive Organs
  2. Reproductive Anatomy and Structure of the Bony Pelvis
  3. Pelvimetry
  4. Ovaries of Animals
  5. Oviduct (Egg tube) Role in Reproduction
  6. Role of Uterus in Reproduction
  7. Cervix of Animals
  8. Vagina of Animals
  9. Vestibule and Vulva of Animals
  10. Puberty in Female Animals
  11. Ovogenesis or Oogenesis in Animals
  12. Ovulation in Animals
  13. Process of Fertilization
  14. Conception Failure
  15. Pregnancy Failure
  16. Oestrus Cycle in Animals
  17. Estrous Cycle in the Mare
  18. Estrous Cycle in the Sow
  19. Estrous Cycle in Sheep and Goat
  20. Endocrine Control of Oestrous Cycle
  21. Factors Affecting Oestrous Cycle
  22. Aberrations of Estrus and Oestrous Cycle
  23. Estrus Detection in Farm Animals
  24. Silent Estrus in Mares
  25. Transitional Spring Estrus in Mares
  26. Estrus Detection in Dogs
  27. Vaginal Exfoliative Cytology (VEC)
  28. Vaginal Endoscopy in Dogs
  29. Hormone Assay in Dogs for Estrus Detection
  30. Role of Hormones in Female Reproduction
  31. Endocrine Regulation of Reproduction
  32. Placental Hormones in Reproduction
  33. Estrogen in Animals
  34. Prostaglandins in Animals
  35. Gonadal Hormones in Animals
  36. Seasonal Breeding in Animals
  37. Pregnancy Diagnosis in Cows
  38. Pregnancy Diagnosis in Mares
  39. Pregnancy Diagnosis in Sows
  40. Pregnancy Diagnosis in Sheep and Goats
  41. Pregnancy Diagnosis in Female Dogs
  42. Pregnancy Diagnosis in Cats
  43. Different Clinical Methods of Pregnancy Diagnosis in Farm Animals
  44. Anestrus in Cows
  45. Repeat Breeding Syndrome
  46. Cystic Ovaries or Cystic Ovarian Degeneration
  47. Infertility in the Cows
  48. Hormonal Causes of Infertility
  49. Anatomical Factors Affecting Fertility
  50. Infertility due to Acquired Abnormalities
  51. Management Causes of Infertility
  52. Nutritional Causes of Infertility
  53. Non Infectious Causes of Infertility
  54. Endometritis in Animals
  55. Uterine Lavage in Mares
  56. Vaginitis in Animals
  57. Pyometra
  58. Salpingitis
  59. Cervicitis
  60. Infectious Diseases Causing Infertility
  61. Protozoal Diseases Causing Infertility
  62. Viral Diseases Causing Infertility
  63. Fungal Diseases Causing Infertility
  64. Induction of Estrus in Cows
  65. Induction of Estrus in Mares
  66. Induction of Estrus in Does
  67. Induction of Estrus in Gilt and Sow
  68. Estrus Induction in Dogs
  69. Protocols for Inducing Estrus and Ovulation in Farm Animals
  70. Abnormalities of Reproductive Tract in Animals
  71. Reproductive Abnormalities in Cows and Heifers
  72. Adhesions, Abscesses and Tumors of Uterus
  73. Abnormalities of Ovaries
  74. Hydrosalpinx and Pyosalpinx
  75. Reproductive Abnormalities in Mares (Female Horses)
  76. Reproductive Abnormalities in Pigs (Sows and Gilts)
  77. Reproductive Abnormalities in Sheep and Goats
  78. Reproductive Abnormalities in Female Dogs
  79. Reproductive Organs in Queen Cats
  80. Reproductive Abnormalities in Queen Cats
  81. Embryo Transfer Technology
  82. Embryo Transfer in Horses
  83. Embryo Transfer in Swines
  84. Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET)
  85. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
  86. Fertility Parameters
  87. Investigation of the Individual Infertile Cow
  88. Summary of the Signs of Infertility
  89. Immunomodulation for Enhancement of Fecundity
  90. Influence of Steroid Hormones on Uterineimmune Responses
  91. Immunomodulators for Treatment of Metritis or Endometritis
  92. Superfetation and Superfecundation
  93. Estrus Synchronization in Cows

Dog and Cat Reproduction

All topics
  1. Breeding of the Bitch
  2. Estrous Cycle in Dogs
  3. Estrous Cycle in Cats
  4. Recommendations for a Breeding Programme
  5. Artificial Insemination in Dogs
  6. Physical and Reproductive Examination of Bitches
  7. Pseudopregnancy in Dogs
  8. Mismating in Dogs
  9. Infertility in Female Dogs
  10. Early Fetal Resorption in Bitches
  11. Hypoluteoidism in Bitches
  12. Shortened Interestrus Interval in Bitches
  13. Prolonged Interestrus Interval in Bitches
  14. Transmissible Venereal Tumour (TVT) in Dogs
  15. Puerperal Tetany (Eclampsia)
  16. Postpartum Metritis in Dogs and Cats
  17. Subinvolution of Placental Sites (SIPS)
  18. Mastitis in Dogs
  19. Galactostasis in Dogs and Cats
  20. Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) in Dogs

Veterinary Obstetrics

All topics
  1. Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy (MRP)
  2. Placentation
  3. Classification of Placenta
  4. Anatomical Classification of Placenta
  5. Classification of Placenta Based on Separation Between Fetal and Maternal Blood Supply
  6. Classification of Placenta Based on Degree of Contact Between Chorionic Villi and Endometrium
  7. Placenta of Horse (Mare)
  8. Amniotic Plaques, Hippomanes and Cervical Star
  9. Sources of Progesterone during Gestation
  10. Hormones and Functions of Placenta
  11. Abortion in Cow
  12. Sample Collection for Abortion Cases
  13. Chemical and Plant Causes of Abortion
  14. Hormonal and Nutritional Causes of Abortion
  15. Physical and Miscellaneous Causes of Abortion
  16. Assessment of Fetal Age
  17. Dropsical Conditions of Fetal Membranes and Fetus
  18. Hydramnios
  19. Hydrallantois
  20. Dropsy of the Fetus
  21. Fetal Mummification
  22. Fetal Maceration
  23. Pyometra in Cattle
  24. Mucometra or Hydrometra
  25. Teratology
  26. Head and Central Nervous System Anomalies
  27. Skeletal Anomalies
  28. Anomalies of the Trunk
  29. Embryonic Duplications
  30. Intersexes
  31. Pseudohermaphrodites
  32. Freemartin
  33. Torsion of the Uterus
  34. Cervico Vaginal Prolapse
  35. Management and Treatment of Vaginal Prolapse
  36. Vaginal Prolapse in Small Ruminants
  37. Total Uterine Prolapse
  38. Application of Vulvar Sutures
  39. Termination of Pregnancy in Cows
  40. Termination of Pregnancy in Mares
  41. Signs of Approaching Parturition
  42. Initiation of Parturition
  43. Stages of Parturition
  44. Care of a Newborn Calf
  45. Postpartum Period or Puerperium
  46. Factors Affecting Uterine Involution in Animals
  47. Clinical Approach to Obstetrical Cases
  48. Dystocia
  49. Causes of Dystocia
  50. Postural Abnormalities Causing Dystocia
  51. Obstetrical Terminologies
  52. Examination of an Obstetrical Case
  53. Obstetrical Equipment and Instruments
  54. Obstetrical Anaesthesia
  55. Epidural Anaesthesia
  56. Obstetrical Operation
  57. Mutation Operation
  58. Fetal Extraction or Traction
  59. Fetotomy or Embryotomy
  60. Caesarean Section
  61. Uterine Inertia
  62. Episiotomy
  63. Cervicotomy
  64. Pelvic Symphysiotomy
  65. Injuries and Diseases Related to Parturition
  66. Postpartum Haemorrhage
  67. Lacerations of the Birth Canal
  68. Hematomas and Contusions of the Birth Canal
  69. Gluteal Nerve Paralysis
  70. Obturator Nerve Paralysis
  71. Peroneal Nerve Paralysis
  72. Rupture of Gastrocnemius Muscle
  73. Uterine Rupture
  74. Rupture of the Vagina
  75. Rupture of the Perineum and Vulva
  76. Prolapse of the Intestine
  77. Prolapse of the Rectum
  78. Prolapse of the Urinary Bladder
  79. Eversion of the Urinary Bladder
  80. Sub Involution of Placental Sites (SIPS)
  81. Retained Fetal Membranes (RFM) in Cows
  82. Retained Fetal Membranes (RFM) in Mares
  83. Postpartum Uterine Infections
  84. Septic Metritis
  85. Puerperal Metritis

Andrology

All topics
  1. Embryology of Male Reproductive System
  2. Components of Male Reproductive System
  3. Scrotum
  4. Testis
  5. Thermoregulation of Testis
  6. Blood Testis Barrier
  7. Testicular Descent
  8. Testis of Different Species
  9. Epididymis
  10. Inguinal Canal, Vas Deferens and Ampulla
  11. Accessory Sex Glands of Male
  12. Seminal Vesicle
  13. Prostate Gland
  14. Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)
  15. Penis of Male Animals
  16. Puberty and Sexual Maturity in Male Animals
  17. Factors Affecting Puberty and Sexual Maturity in Male Animals
  18. Endocrinology of Male Reproduction
  19. Spermatogenesis (Spermatocytogenesis and Spermiogenesis)
  20. Spermatozoa
  21. Factors Affecting Spermatogenesis
  22. Sexual Behaviour in Male Animals
  23. Searching for a Sexual Partner and Courtship
  24. Sexual Arousal
  25. Copulatory Behaviours
  26. Post Copulatory Behaviour
  27. Factors Influencing Sex Drive
  28. Forms of Male Infertility
  29. Potency
  30. Factors Affecting Copulatory Ability
  31. Impotentia Coeundi
  32. Inability to Protrude the Penis
  33. Deviation of the Penis
  34. Adhesions of Penis and Prepuce
  35. Tumors of Penis and Prepuce
  36. Phimosis
  37. Paraphimosis
  38. Balanoposthitis
  39. Uncommon Causes of Libido Loss in Animals
  40. Impotentia Generandi
  41. Testicular Hypoplasia
  42. Congenital Sperm Cell Defects
  43. Chromosomal Abnormalities Causing Infertility
  44. Cryptorchidism
  45. Testicular Torsion
  46. Acquired Testicular Pathology
  47. Testicular Degeneration
  48. Testicular Tumors in Dogs
  49. Epididymitis
  50. Anomalies of the Epididymis
  51. Cysts and Tumors of Epididymis
  52. Pathology of the Vas Deferens and Ampullitis
  53. Seminal Vesiculitis
  54. Pathology of the Prostate Gland
  55. Prostatic Hyperplasia
  56. Coital Injuries in Male Animals
  57. Artificial Insemination Instruments
  58. Andrology Instruments
  59. Vasectomy in Bulls
  60. Castration in Cattle
  61. Surgical Management of Penile Conditions
  62. Persistent Frenulum
  63. Penile Fibropapilloma
  64. Reefing (Segmental Posthetomy)
  65. Epididymectomy
  66. Components and Layout of a Semen Station
  67. Equipment Required for Semen Banks
  68. Preparation of Teaser Bull
  69. Penile-Prepuce Translocation in Bulls
  70. Penopexy in Bulls
  71. Preputial Pouch Technique in Bulls
  72. Management of Bulls for Breeding Purpose
  73. Methods of Semen Collection in Bulls
  74. Massage Technique of Semen Collection
  75. Artificial Vagina for Semen Collection
  76. Electro Ejaculator for Semen Collection
  77. Semen Evaluation Techniques
  78. Macroscopic Examination of Semen
  79. Microscopic Examination of Semen
  80. Semen Concentration Estimation
  81. Live and Dead Sperm Estimation
  82. Acrosome Integrity of Sperms
  83. Sperm Abnormalities
  84. Hypo Osmotic Swelling Test (HOST)
  85. Methylene Blue Reduction Test for Semen Quality Evaluation
  86. Fructolytic Index in Semen
  87. Hygienic Practices and Sterilization Protocols in Semen Stations
  88. Sterilization of AI Laboratory Equipment
  89. Semen Diluters (Extenders)
  90. Ambient Temperature Semen Diluents
  91. Refrigerator Temperature Semen Diluents
  92. Ultralow Temperature Semen Diluents
  93. Tris–Egg Yolk–Glycerol Diluent (Universal Diluent)
  94. Antibiotics in Semen Diluters
  95. Frozen Semen Packaging Methods
  96. Filling and Sealing of Semen Straws
  97. Freezing of Semen
  98. Artificial Insemination (AI)
  99. Thawing, Loading, and Sites of Semen Deposition
  100. Constraints of Frozen Semen
  101. Safe Handling and Maintenance of Liquid Nitrogen Containers
  102. Ultrasound of the Testis for Infertility Analysis
  103. Breeding Soundness Evaluation in Bulls
  104. Semen Quality Evaluation and Bull Grading System
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