Aminocaproic Acid Aminocaproic acid is a synthetic lysine analogue with antifibrinolytic activity. Veterinary applications include selected bleeding disorders involving excessive clot breakdown and prevention of delayed postoperative bleeding in predisposed dogs. The strongest population-specific clinical experience concerns retired racing Greyhounds, while evidence for other bleeding indications varies. Group Antifibrinolytic; lysine analogue Mechanism of Action Aminocaproic

Fentanyl Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid used for severe pain and as an analgesic component of balanced anesthesia. Veterinary use is greatest in dogs and cats, including critically ill or postoperative patients. Injectable and transdermal formulations provide different exposure patterns, with brief effects after some injections and more prolonged delivery from skin-based systems. Group

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose sodium, also called carmellose sodium, is a hydrophilic polymer used in artificial tears. Veterinary applications focus on lubrication and protection of the ocular surface in tear-film deficiency or exposure. It provides a physical tear substitute and is commonly used alongside treatment directed at the cause of dry-eye disease. Group Ocular lubricant; cellulose

Sodium Hyaluronate Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan in synovial fluid and ocular tissues. Veterinary applications include selected equine joint disease and ocular lubrication. Injectable joint products and ophthalmic preparations have distinct intended functions, with molecular weight and formulation influencing their physical and biological properties. Group Glycosaminoglycan; synovial

Trilostane Trilostane is a reversible adrenal steroid-synthesis inhibitor used principally for canine hyperadrenocorticism. It controls excessive cortisol production in both pituitary-dependent and selected adrenal-dependent disease. Its role is medical control of hormone output. Feline use and selected dermatologic applications are extra-label and have smaller clinical evidence bases. Group Adrenal steroid synthesis inhibitor Mechanism of Action

Bromhexine Bromhexine is a mucoregulatory and expectorant drug used as an adjunct in respiratory disease with tenacious secretions. Veterinary formulations support mucus clearance in selected livestock, poultry or companion-animal disorders. Its clinical purpose is improvement of secretion handling and bronchial drainage while treatment addresses the cause of the respiratory disease. Group Mucolytic Mechanism of Action

Sodium Fluorescein Sodium fluorescein is a water-soluble fluorescent diagnostic dye used in veterinary ophthalmology. It delineates loss of corneal epithelium and supports assessment of tear-film stability and nasolacrimal drainage. Its clinical role is visualization of ocular-surface defects and fluid movement during examination rather than treatment of the underlying lesion. Group Ophthalmic diagnostic dye Mechanism of

Proparacaine (Proxymetacaine) Proparacaine, also called proxymetacaine, is a rapid-acting topical ophthalmic local anesthetic. It provides brief surface anesthesia, principally of the cornea, for examination and minor procedures. Veterinary use centers on short procedural interventions or temporary relief of surface pain sufficient to permit assessment and treatment. Group Topical ophthalmic local anaesthetic Mechanism of Action Proparacaine

Tropicamide Tropicamide is a short-acting ophthalmic antimuscarinic that produces mydriasis with comparatively modest cycloplegia. Its main clinical role is pupillary dilation for ocular examination. A separate therapeutic application is selected postoperative pupillary management after cataract surgery, where a relatively brief effect permits changes in iris position between exposures. Group Ophthalmic antimuscarinic mydriatic Mechanism of Action

Latanoprost Latanoprost is a prostaglandin-F2alpha analogue supplied as an ophthalmic prodrug. Its principal veterinary application is reduction of intraocular pressure in dogs with primary glaucoma. Canine ocular responses include marked miosis and enhanced aqueous outflow. Response differs substantially among species, reflecting differences in ocular receptors and local drug handling. Group Prostaglandin F2-alpha analogue Mechanism of