Sneeze reflex Sneeze reflex is a protective reflex to remove the irritant stimuli. Receptors are present in the upper respiratory pathway. Sensory information passes via trigeminal to the BSRF. The efferent via vagus, trigeminal and facial effect sneezing.
Cough reflex Cough reflex is a protective reflex to remove the irritant from the respiratory tract. Receptor for this reflex is from respiratory tract. Irritation of any part of the respiratory tract serve as sensory impulse. Vagus is the sensory nerve to endup in BSRF via Fasciculus solitarius nucleus. Efferent nerve via vagus project to
Mastication reflex Reflex activity under the control of brain stem. Mastication is basically voluntary but usually takes place involuntarily. Mastication reflex or chewing reflex is by the rhythmic movement of the mandible. Lowering of the mandible due to the extension of the tongue is known as linguo mandibular reflex. Stimuli for masticatory reflex is the presence of
Swallowing reflex Swallowing centre is located in the brain stem (medulla oblongata). Stimulation of the receptors in the soft palate, pharynx (posterior wall) and epiglottis (dorsal surface) by food material initiate this reflex. It is a complex multi synaptic reflex involving pharyngeal and oesophageal stage. Sensory fibres pass through trigeminal, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve. This
Salivatory reflex Salivatory reflexes is initiated by many difference stimuli ans is potentiated by olfactory, gustatory, auditory and visual mechanism. Protective reflex preventing oral mucosa from drying. Elicited when oral and lingual mucosa is stimulated by foreign substances. Afferent fibres pass via trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus. These fibres end in brain stem reticular formation
Suckling reflex Suckling is a physiological process involving coordinated synchronus movement of tongue and buccal musculature. More prominant in newborn animals to fecilitate withdrawal of milk from teat canal and mammary gland while feeding. It is termed as a reflex since it involves set pattern of neuronal inputs to complete this action. Afferent fibers pass
Emetic reflex Emesis is the regurgitation of materials from stomach and upper intestine through oesophagus to oral cavity.
Reflex activities of brain stem Brain stem exhibits reflex activities- Light reflexes – Pupillary light reflex When light strikes the retina of either eye both the pupils constrict to reduce the amount of light passing through the pupil. Receptor organ is retina Sensory fibres pass via optic nerve that terminate in the pre tectal nucleus. This nucleus
Functions of BSRF BSRF is a neuronal network extending the length of the medulla, pons, midbrain and then projects into thalamus and hypothalamus. Caudally it is continuous with the internuncial neurons of the spinal cord. The efferent fibres of the reticular formation are organised into ascending and descending reticular formation. The ascending reticular formation projects
Medulla oblongata and Pons Medulla oblongata Medulla oblongata is located in the top of the spinal cord. Has centres that control reflectes activities such as respiration, heart rate, vasodilation and blood pressure. Houses neural part ways that connect cerebral cortex and spinal cord The cranial nerves glosso-pharyngeal (IX), vagus (x), spinal accessory (xi) and the
