Ascending tract of Spinal cord Dorsal spinocerebellar tract Dorsal spinocerebellar tract Occupies a portion of the lateral funiculus between the lumbar vertebrae and medulla. This fiber tract originates from the ipsilateral dorsal nucleus and ends within the ipsilateral cerebellar cortex. The fibers terminate in two regions of the cerebellar cortex. Conduction velocity of these fibers […]

Lateral funiculus of spinal cord Lateral funiculus of spinal cord are not as clearly seen as that of the dorsal funiculus. Ascending fiber tracts of lateral and ventral funiculi. Lateral funiculus of spinal cord contains the following spinal tracts- Dorsal spino cerebellar tract Ventral spino cerebellar tract Rostral spino cerebellar tract Spino cervical tract Spinothalamic tract (Ventral

Motor Nuclei of spinal cord Motor Nuclei of spinal cord are placed in the medial, lateral and intermediolateral columns of the spinal grey matter and controls somatic and visceral motor activities. They include- Medial motor nuclei Extend throughout the length in the medial motor column of the spinal grey matter and controls the motor functions of

Sensory Nuclei of spinal cord Spinal cord has 9 laminae nuclei of spinal cord. Nucleus Dorsomarginalis Corresponds to lamina I. Extends the length of the spinal cord. Covers the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Cells are spindle shaped. Neurons receive afferent fibers from the dorsal root fibers and

Gray matter and white matter Gray matter Two types of cells– Motor neurons and Internuncial neurons. 1. Motor neurons Motor neurons project their axons into the PNS  They are of 3 types Somatic or Alpha motor neurons – supplying skeletal muscles Autonomic neurons – supplying visceral organs Intrafusal or Gamma motor neurons – supplying special receptors called muscle

Physiology of Spinal cord Spinal cord is a caudal extension of the medulla oblongata present throughout the length of the vertebral canal. Each spinal segment provides a pair of spinal nerves that are formed by the fusion of dorsal root (sensory) fibres and the ventral root (motor) fibres. Structure of spinal cord Spinal cord is

Electro Encephalogram Electro Encephalogram is the graphic record of electrical activity of the brain recorded from the surface. Technique is known as Electro Encephalography. It is the recording of the potential difference as rhythm (frequency) and magnitude. Rhythm of the EEG are designated as alpha, beta, theta and delta rhythm. Alpha rhythm Frequency Amplitude Characteristics

Physiology of Sleep Sleep is a state of reversible unconsciousness and relative immobility of an animal. It is due to temporary inhibition of the reticular activation system of the ascending reticular formation, which in turn reduces the normal excitability of the cortex. Sleep centres are located in the pons and medulla known as raphe nuclei.

Micturition reflex Micturition reflex is the complex phenomenon involves initiation from stretch receptors in the bladder wall. Axons have their cell bodies located in the sacral spinal ganglia and dorsal grey column of the spinal sacral segments. Stretching of the bladder stimulate the sensory fibres which in turn causes the generation of action potential that

Sneeze reflex Sneeze reflex is a protective reflex to remove the irritant stimuli. Receptors are present in the upper respiratory pathway. Sensory information passes via trigeminal to the BSRF. The efferent via vagus, trigeminal and facial effect sneezing.