Liver and Bile role in digestion Liver is the largest gland in the body and has number of important functions- Secretion of bile Formation and storage of glycogen Regulation of glucose level in the systemic circulation. Deamination of NH3 and formation of urea. Destruction of uric acid Synthesis of fatty acids from carbohydrates and proteins. Phosphorylation of fats, […]
Role of Pancreas in digestion Pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine portions. The endocrine portion of the pancreas is made up of islets of Langerhans, secrets hormones like glucagon (alpha cells), insulin (beta cells) and somatostatin (delta cells) into the blood. The major portion of pancreas is exocrine in function. Secretions of Pancreas The enzymes of the
Digestion in small intestinal juice Small intestine is the predominant site of digestion and absorption. This begins at the end of pyloric sphincter and goes up to large intestine. This is highly coiled structure, has few glands to assist digestion. It is composed of 4 layers-serosal (outer), muscular, submucosa and innermost mucosal layer. Mucosa is
Gastric Secretion in ruminants Abomasum is the only part of the ruminal stomach secreting digestive juices. Fundic abomasum is rich in HCl, pepsin and in young ruminant rennin- a milk coagulating enzyme is found. pH of abomasal juice is approx 1.0 to 1.3. Buffered ingesta with volatile fatty acids entering abomasum increases abomasal secretion. Regulation
Control of gastric secretion in animals In horse, the secretion of gastric juice is continuous but it is intermittent in dogs and cats. the rate of secretion increases during feed intake. The secretions of gastric glands are regulated by nervous and chemical mechanisms. The gastric secretion takes place in three phases, these are Cephalic phase,
Gastric juice and enzymes in animals Gastric juice Gastric juice is a colorless fluid, containing HCl, enzymes and mucus. Concentration of HCI in the stomach content varies with the nature of food, stage of digestion, amount of saliva to be neutralized etc. Hydrochloric acid HCl is actively secreted by the parietal/oxyntic cells of the fundic
Gastric glands in animals The glandular mucosa of the stomach has many pores known as gastric pits. The surface area of the stomach lining the pits is covered with mucous cells which secrete mucus to protect the surface epithelium. Secretions of gastric glands Cardiac glands secrete only mucus Parietal/fundic glands secrete HCl and pepsinogen Pyloric glands secrete mucus and
Intestinal motility in animals The functions of the intestinal movements are To mix the ingesta with digestive secretions To bring the digested products in contact with intestinal mucous membrane for absorption To move the food masses from place to place in the intestine To expel the residue from the rectum through anus To assist in
Abomasal motility in ruminants Abomasum does not show cyclical rhythmic activity as that of the three compartments. Emptying of duodenum increases Abomasal contractions. Enteric hormones (secretin, CCK, pancreozymin) produced by duodenal mucosa decreases abomasal activity and secretion. Distension of abomasum has negative effect on other three compartments i.e. distension of abomasum decreases the contractions of
Gastric motility in animals Mechanism of gastric motility Gastric motility in animals is the function of the stomach is to regulate the flow of food to the small intestine at a controlled rate. The proximal region (fundus) near the oesophageal end serves storage function and the distal region serves grinding and sieving function. Muscular activity of
