Class II: Beta adrenergic blockers The drugs in this class suppress adrenergic mediated ectopic activity. The members of the group like propranolol block the beta receptors of the cardiac tissue. It decreases slope of Phase IV depolarization and automaticity in SA node. Propranolol is useful in treating sinus tachycardia, extrasystoles provoked by exercise or emotion. […]

Sodium channel blockers are divided into various classes. Class I : Sodium channel blockers Class I : Sodium channel blockers are the membrane stabilizers and functions are- Contra-indication of sodium channel blockers: Complete heart block The enhancement of sodium channel block seen in rapidly depolarizing tissue has been termed “use-dependent blockade” and is thought to

Antiarrhythmic drugs are agents used to control ectopic foci or reverse disorganised conduction of electrical impulses through the heart.

Arrhythmia Arrhythmia is any abnormal pattern of electrical activity in the heart. Normally the waves of depolarization follow a specific sequence, starting in the S-A node and ending with the contraction of the ventricles. Sometimes another area of the myocardium or conducting system begins to depolarize out of sequence or more rapidly than the S-A node, disrupting

Beta adrenoceptor agonists Miscellaneous myocardial stimulants Calcium gluconate Slow infusion Side effect- cardiac rigor and stand still Glucagon Positive inotrope Under investigation – refractory CHF

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Congestive heart failure These are some Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors used in treatment of Congestive heart failure in animals- Methyl Xanthine Bipyridine derivatives Pyridazone derivatives 1. Methyl Xanthine Theophylline, Etamiphylline, Aminophylline are examples of Methyl xanthines. here bolow, functions of these drugs descried- Block all PDE isoforms – effect on heart, kidney, smooth muscle,

before going through myocardial stimulants, have a look of congestive heart failure- Congestive Heart Failure Heart failure is a global term for the physiological state in which cardiac output is insufficient in meeting the needs of the body and lungs. Often termed “congestive heart failure” or CHF, this is most commonly caused when cardiac output is low

Cardiac glycosides or Digitalis Synonyms- Cardiac glycosides / Digitalis / Cardiac inotrope The main source of cardiac glycosides is from the foxglove family. Their effectiveness in cardiac failure was, described by William Withering in 1775. He published his classic monograph ‘An account of the foxglove and some of its medicinal uses: with practical remarks on

Classes of drugs acting on heart Drugs acting on the heart can be classified into- Drugs that directly affect the myocardial cells which includes autonomic neurotransmitters and related drugs cardiac glycosides and other inotropic agents antidysrhythmic or antiarrhythmic drugs Drugs that affect the cardiac function indirectly through actions elsewhere in the vascular system calcium antagonists acting