Superfetation and superfecundation are reproductive phenomena seen in various animals. Superfetation is a condition that occurs when a …

Plenty of research asociated with immunomodulators of uterine defence mechanism and their application as treatments for metritis or endometritis has been carried out in mares.

The cyclical pattern of steroid hormone concentrations, characteristic for different stages of estrous cycle, regulates potential pathogenicity of micro-organisms that contaminate the uterus postpartum.

Immunomodulation for enhancement of fecundity in reproductive disorders of livestock is a new area of immuno-therapeutics. It is mainly used to treat inflammatory conditions of the reproductive disorders such as endometritis, metritis, vaginitis in which the immunity barrier of the host is breached.

The following summary of the signs of infertility briefly describes a procedure for investigating an infertile animal on the basis of clinical history, signs and examination with an indication of possible diagnosis.

Investigation of the individual infertile cow is done by reproductive history of the animal, clinical examinations like rectal and vaginal examination, etc.

Normal targetable herd fertility parameters in animals are essential for efficient reproductive management and overall herd productivity.

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a reproductive biotechnology in which oocytes (egg cells) are collected from the ovaries of a donor cow and fertilized with sperm outside the body (in vitro), usually in a laboratory.

Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) is a technique where a superior female animal is hormonally stimulated to produce multiple eggs.

The major reason for performing commercial embryo transfer in swines (female pigs) is to prevent and/or control disease.