This region has eight muscles arranged in superimposed layers. They are First layer Sartorius Gracilis Second layer Pectineus, Adductor and Semimembranosus Third layer Quadratus femoris, Obturator internus, Obturator externus and Gemellus Of these the obturator internus is placed within the pelvic cavity. FIRST LAYER Sartorius This is a long, thin and flat muscle and is the anterior

The lateral aspect of the hip and thigh muscles are as follows – Tensor fasciae latae (Tensor vaginae femoris) Biceps femoris Gluteus medius (Middle gluteus) Gluteus profundus (Deep gluteus) Semitendinosus Tensor fasciae latae (Tensor vaginae femoris) This is the anterior most muscle on the external aspect of the hip and thigh. It is triangular in form with its base below

Lateral muscles of Hip and Thigh Tensor fasciae latae (Tensor vaginae femoris) Biceps femoris Gluteus medius (Middle gluteus) Gluteus profundus (Deep gluteus) Semitendinosus Medial muscles of Hip and Thigh First layer Sartorius Gracilis Second layer Pectineus, Adductor and Semimembranosus Third layer Quadratus femoris, Obturator internus, Obturator externus and Gemellus Anterior Muscles of Thigh Sartorius Quadriceps femoris Rectus femoris

Fascia of Thigh The superficial fascia of the thigh does not merit any special description. The internal portion of the deep fascia covers the first layer of the muscles on the inner aspect of the thigh and becomes continuous inferiorly with the fascia of the leg and interiorly with that part of the deep fascia,

The variations in the musculature of the dog is given below. The posterior superficial pectoral is thin and narrow. The anterior deep pectoral is feeble and terminates along with the posterior deep pectoral on the humerus. The trapezius is thin and divided into cervical and dorsal portions. The right and left muscles meet on a fibrous raphe. The omotransversarius is a well developed

The variations in the musculature of the horse is given below. The anterior superficial pectoral is more distinct than the posterior. The deep pectoral is divisible into anterior and posterior divisions. The anterior deep pectoral extends in front of the supraspinatus to the cervical angle of the scapula. The posterior is fan shaped. The trapezius

Flexor muscle of Arm region muscles are situated around the posterior and medial aspects of the forearm. They are arranged in two layers – superficial and deep. Superficial layer Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis (Medial flexor of the carpus) Flexor carpi ulnaris (Middle flexor of the carpus) Ulnaris lateralis (Flexor metacarpi externus) Deep layer Superficial digital flexor (Flexor pedis

Extensor muscles of Arm region are situated around the dorsal and lateral aspects of the forearm. They are- Extensor carpi radialis Medial digital extensor Common digital extensor (Extensor digitalis communis) Lateral digital extensor (Extensor digitalis lateralis) Extensor carpi obliquus Extensor carpi radialis This is the largest of the extensor muscles and lies over the dorsal face

Muscles of Arm region group consists of muscles, which are grouped around the Humerus. Some arise from the scapula and others from the Humerus and all are inserted to the forearm. They are as follows Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Long head (Caput longum tricipitis) Lateral head (Caput parvum tricipitis) Medial head (Caput medium tricipitis) Tensor

Lateral group of muscles of Shoulder region – Deltoideus   Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Deltoideus This muscle lies at the scapulo-humoral angle, partly on the triceps and partly on the infraspinatus. It consists of two parts, acromial and scapular, which are placed one above the other and are separated by an interval Origin: Acromial part – Acromion process and scapular fascia Scapular part