Gentamicin for Animals

Gentamicin

Gentamicin is used in veterinary medicine for serious susceptible bacterial infection.

Group

Aminoglycoside antibacterial

Mechanism of Action

Disrupts bacterial protein synthesis and damages susceptible gram-negative membranes.

Dose Rates

Dog

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Bacterial infection9–14 mg/kgSC, IM, IVEvery 24 hDo not use in: Renal insufficiency
Sighthound bacterial infection6 mg/kgIVEvery 24 hGreyhound regimen; applicability to other sighthounds is less established.
Sighthound bacterial infection9 mg/kgSC, IMEvery 24 hGreyhound regimen; applicability to other sighthounds is less established.

Cat

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Bacterial infection5–8 mg/kgSC, IM, IVEvery 24 hDo not use in: Renal insufficiency

Horse

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Adult bacterial infection4–6.6 mg/kgIM, IVEvery 24 hDo not use in: Renal insufficiency
Neonatal foal infection12–14 mg/kgIM, IVEvery 24 hDo not use in: Renal insufficiency; Foals younger than 2 weeks.

Pig

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Young-pig bacterial infection15 mg/kgSC, IMEvery 24 hDo not use in: Renal insufficiency
Older-pig bacterial infection10 mg/kgSC, IMEvery 24 hDo not use in: Renal insufficiency
Enteric infectionReference onlyPODo not use in: Renal insufficiency; 1.1–2.2 mg/kg in drinking water for 3 days; source does not clearly define dose frequency or water-intake assumptions.
Medicated-water colibacillosis treatmentReference onlyPO1.1 mg/kg/day in drinking water for three days; the source gives 25 mg per gallon. Consumption-dependent dosing must be reconciled with body weight and actual water intake.
Medicated-water dysentery treatmentReference onlyPO2.2 mg/kg/day in drinking water for three days; the source gives 50 mg per gallon. Water-intake-based medication cannot be flattened into a bolus dose.

Cattle

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Neonatal calf infection12–15 mg/kgIV, IMEvery 24 hDo not use in: Renal insufficiency; Calves younger than 2 weeks; prolonged residue concerns.
Adult bacterial infection5–6 mg/kgIM, IVEvery 24 hDo not use in: Renal insufficiency

Chinchilla

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2–4 mg/kgSC, IMEvery 8–24 hMaintain hydration; monitor for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Gerbil

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2–4 mg/kgSC, IMEvery 8–24 hMaintain hydration; monitor for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Guinea Pig

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2–4 mg/kgSC, IMEvery 8–24 hMaintain hydration; monitor for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Hamster

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2–4 mg/kgSC, IMEvery 8–24 hMaintain hydration; monitor for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Mouse

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2–4 mg/kgSC, IMEvery 8–24 hMaintain hydration; monitor for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Rat

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2–4 mg/kgSC, IMEvery 8–24 hMaintain hydration; monitor for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Ferret

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection5 mg/kgSC, IMEvery 24 hUse only when susceptibility and clinical need justify the nephrotoxicity risk.

Rabbit

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection5–8 mg/kgSC, IM, IVEvery 24 hFor IV use, the described regimen dilutes into 4 mL/kg saline and infuses over 20 minutes. Monitor renal function.

Ratite

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection5 mg/kgIMEvery 24 hLast-resort option because visceral gout can occur.

Indications

  • Serious susceptible bacterial infection
  • Selected porcine enteric infections

Contraindications

  • Renal dysfunction
  • Correct dehydration and electrolyte depletion before treatment.

Interactions

  • Loop diuretics increase renal and ototoxic risk.
  • Anesthetic agents may enhance neuromuscular blockade.
  • Do not mix with other antibiotics in a vial, syringe or line.

Adverse effects

  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Ototoxicity and vestibular injury
  • Neuromuscular blockade

Toxicity

Persistent trough exposure increases renal damage; auditory or vestibular injury may be irreversible.

Preparations

PreparationFormStrengthRoute
Gentamicin injection 50 mg/mLInjection50 mg / mLIV, IM, SC
Gentamicin injection 100 mg/mLInjection100 mg / mLIV, IM, SC
Gentamicin oral solution 50 mg/mL
Porcine enteric use; oral administration does not treat systemic infection.
Oral Liquid50 mg / mLPO

Monitoring and Administration

Monitor renal parameters, urinalysis and drug concentrations where available. Once-daily trough should be very low; impaired clearance requires reassessment.

Food-animal systemic use can leave very prolonged renal residues; do not apply short oral-product withdrawal times to injections.

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