Pregnancy diagnosis (cyesiognosis) in cats (queen cats) is done by physical and behavioural changes, abdominal palpation, ultrasonography, radiography, hormone testing, etc.

Pregnancy diagnosis (cyesiognosis) in female dogs (bitches) is done by signs, abdominal palpation, radiography, hormone assay, ultrasonography, etc.

Pregnancy diagnosis (cyesiognosis) in sheep and goats (ewes and does) done by external palpation, abdominal ballottement, recto-abdominal palpation (Hulet’s technique), radiography, ultrasonography, hormonal assays, etc.

Pregnancy diagnosis (cyesiognosis) in sows (female pigs) is done by signs, transrectal palpation, ultrasonography, laboratory methods, etc.

Pregnancy diagnosis (cyesiognosis) in mares (female horses) are done by rectal palpation, Ultrasonography, laboratory methods, etc.

Pregnancy diagnosis (Cyesiognosis) in cows done by various methods like external appearance, rectal examination and palpation, laboratory methods, fetal echocardiography, etc.

Seasonal breeding is observed in horses, sheep, goats, deer, bears. It is strategy where animals mate and give birth during specific times.

Gonadal hormones in animals primarily produced by the testes in males and ovaries in females, play a crucial role in regulating reproductive functions, secondary sexual characteristics, and overall physiological balance.

Prostaglandins in animals are lipid compounds derived from arachidonic acid that play roles in various physiological processes in animals.

Estrogen is an important hormone in animals, primarily involved in reproductive functions and various physiological processes. Estrogen is derived from androgens.