The veins are the centripetal vessels of the circulatory system. these make venous system. The veins may be divided into superficial and deep. The superficial veins of the body form an extensive network, lie immediately under the skin and are mostly unassociated with the arteries. The deep veins are placed deeply and are accompanied by

The coeliac artery is very short and usually divides into a) left gastric, b) hepatic and c) splenic arteries. The lumbar arteries are seven pairs. Out of which first six pairs arise from aorta and the last pair from internal iliac arteries. The intercostal arteries are 12 pairs in number. First three pairs usually originate

Circle of Willis or circulus arteriosus is formed at the interpenduncular space of the base of the brain by the union of the anterior cerebral arteries in front, posterior cerebral arteries behind and is completed laterally by the junction of the later with the posterior communicating arteries and by the internal carotid artery. It is

Coccygeal artery gives off in its course, spinal branches to the coccygeal muscles and two lateral coccygeal arteries. These divide into dorsal and ventral branches and are connected with the middle coccygeal artery at regular intervals. They supply branches to the coccygeal muscles. The middle coccygeal artery runs through the haemal arches of the coccygeal

The middle sacral artery is the continuation of abdominal aorta after the terminal branches of internal iliac artery and runs under the sacral vertebrae and further continues as the median coccygeal artery. If middle sacral artery is absent it is replaced by the lateral sacral artery which is branch of short common trunk of internal

Internal iliac artery or Hypogastric arteries is the main arterial trunk, which supplies the pelvic wall and viscera. Each artery passes obliquely downwards and backwards on the sacrosciatic ligament and terminates about the level of the lesser sciatic foramen by dividing into posterior gluteal and internal pudic arteries. Collateral branches Internal iliac artery A large

Popliteal artery is very short and continues the femoral artery over the posterior capsular ligament of the stifle joint detaches the posterior tibial artery and gets under cover of the popliteus muscle and is continued as anterior tibial artery. It furnishes branches to the gastrocnemius and superficial flexor of the digits. Posterior tibial artery is

Femoral artery is the main arterial trunk of the thigh. It continues the external iliac artery below the level of the pubis descends in the femoral canal in company with the vein and saphenous nerve passes underneath the lower part of gracilis over the vastus medialis. On the posterior face of the femur, it dips

The hind limb is supplied with blood by the external iliac artery. Each arises from lateral surface of aorta just in front of the internal iliac artery. It passes downward and backward along the tendon of psoas parvus to the side of the pelvic inlet crosses the tendon reaches the anterior border of the pubis,

Terminal Branches of aorta are- External iliac artery Femoral artery Popliteal artery Internal iliac artery Sacral artery Coccygeal artery