Oclacitinib
Oclacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor used principally to control allergic pruritus and atopic dermatitis in dogs. Its relatively rapid effect reflects interruption of cytokine signaling involved in itch and inflammation. Veterinary products are directed toward canine allergic skin disease, while experience in other species is more limited.
Group
Janus kinase inhibitor
Mechanism of Action
Oclacitinib preferentially inhibits JAK1-dependent intracellular signaling downstream of several cytokine receptors. Reduced JAK–STAT activation limits responses to cytokines involved in allergy and inflammation, including IL-31-associated itch signaling. Interference with these pathways reduces pruritic stimulation and inflammatory activity in affected skin. Selectivity is relative and depends on drug concentration.
Dose Rates
Dogs
| Use / stage | Dose | Route | Schedule | Instructions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allergic pruritus and atopic dermatitis — Initial | 0.4–0.6 mg/kg | PO | Every 12 h | Up to 14 days; Do not use in: Dogs younger than 12 months, Serious infections |
| Allergic pruritus and atopic dermatitis — Maintenance | 0.4–0.6 mg/kg | PO | Every 24 h | Do not use in: Dogs younger than 12 months, Serious infections |
Indications
- Control of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis in dogs.
- Control of canine atopic dermatitis.
- Specialist extra-label treatment of selected refractory feline allergic skin disease, supported by a smaller and less established clinical evidence base.
Contraindications
- Dogs younger than 12 months
- Serious infections
- Neoplasia may worsen; reproductive safety is unestablished.
Interactions
- Safety with corticosteroids, cyclosporine or other systemic immunosuppressants is not established.
Adverse effects
- Vomiting, diarrhea, decreased blood-cell counts, infections and demodicosis; a relationship to reported tumors is uncertain.
Preparations
| Preparation | Form | Strength | Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apoquel 3.6 mg | Tablet | 3.6 mg / tablet | PO |
| Apoquel 5.4 mg | Tablet | 5.4 mg / tablet | PO |
| Apoquel 16 mg | Tablet | 16 mg / tablet | PO |
Monitoring and Administration
After the first 14 days, reduce canine administration to once daily. Check CBC when warranted and assess for infection, demodicosis and new masses.
Store tablets at 20-25 C. Compounded formulations lack established potency and stability.
Cats: Small observational reports describe 0.4-0.6 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days followed by once daily; the clinical guidance states that an established feline dose is lacking and does not explicitly specify the route in the reported regimen.