Doxycycline for Animals

Doxycycline

Doxycycline is used in veterinary medicine for vector-borne bacterial disease.

Group

Tetracycline antibacterial

Mechanism of Action

Binds the bacterial 30S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis.

Dose Rates

Dog

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Bacterial infection5 mg/kgPO, IVEvery 12 h
Bacterial infection10 mg/kgPOEvery 24 h
Rickettsial infection5 mg/kgPOEvery 12 h
Ehrlichiosis5 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hAt least 14 days; studies describe 3–4-week courses.
Heartworm adjunct10 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hUp to 28 days; Wolbachia-directed course before adulticide treatment, within the complete heartworm protocol.
Toxoplasmosis5–10 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hUp to 28 days
Granulocytic anaplasmosis5 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hUp to 14 days
Salmon poisoning disease10 mg/kgIVEvery 12 hAt least seven days; Neorickettsia helminthoeca.
Antiarthritic adjunct3–4 mg/kgPOEvery 24 hUp to 10 days; Reported course 7–10 days.

Cat

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Bacterial infection5 mg/kgPO, IVEvery 12 h
Bacterial infection10 mg/kgPOEvery 24 h
Hemoplasmosis10 mg/kgPOEvery 24 hUp to 7 days
Chlamydial or mycoplasmal infection10–15 mg/kgPOEvery 24 h
Chlamydial or mycoplasmal infection5 mg/kgPOEvery 12 h
Systemic bacterial infection5–11 mg/kgPO, IVEvery 12 h
Ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis5–10 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hUp to 21 days
Toxoplasmosis5–10 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hUp to 28 days

Bird

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Bacterial infection25 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hUp to 21 days
Drinking-water medicationReference onlyPO400 mg doxycycline hyclate per liter as the sole drinking water source; actual intake varies, so this is not a direct mg/kg calculation.
Chlamydiosis35 mg/kgPOEvery 24 hUp to 21 days; Experimentally infected cockatiels; oral suspension delivered into the crop. This study course is not interchangeable with other avian protocols.
Chlamydiosis40–50 mg/kgPOEvery 24 hCockatiels, Senegal parrots, blue-fronted and orange-winged Amazons; conventional treatment course is 45 days.
Chlamydiosis25 mg/kgPOEvery 24 hAfrican grey parrots, Goffin cockatoos, blue-and-gold and green-winged macaws; conventional treatment course is 45 days.
Injectable chlamydiosis courseReference onlyIM75–100 mg/kg every 5–7 days for four weeks, then every five days through a 45-day course. Alternative weekly regimens use 100 mg/kg, or 75 mg/kg in macaws and lovebirds, with the specified avian injectable product. Injectable preparations are not automatically interchangeable.

Horse

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Bacterial infection20 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hDo not use in: IV administration
Lawsonia intracellularis infection20 mg/kgPOEvery 24 hUp to 21 days
Granulocytic anaplasmosis10 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hUp to 14 days; Alternative to oxytetracycline; reported course 10–14 days. Do not use IV doxycycline in horses.

Chinchilla

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2.5–5 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hDo not use in: Young growing animals, Pregnancy

Gerbil

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2.5–5 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hDo not use in: Young growing animals, Pregnancy

Guinea Pig

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2.5–5 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hDo not use in: Young growing animals, Pregnancy

Hamster

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2.5–5 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hDo not use in: Young growing animals, Pregnancy

Mouse

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2.5–5 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hDo not use in: Young growing animals, Pregnancy
Mycoplasmal pneumoniaReference onlyPODoxycycline 5 mg/kg every 12 hours with enrofloxacin 10 mg/kg every 12 hours.

Rat

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2.5–5 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hDo not use in: Young growing animals, Pregnancy
Mycoplasmal pneumoniaReference onlyPODoxycycline 5 mg/kg every 12 hours with enrofloxacin 10 mg/kg every 12 hours.

Ratite

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection2–3.5 mg/kgPOEvery 12 h

Reptile

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Susceptible bacterial infection10 mg/kgPOEvery 24 hUp to 45 days; Described courses range from 10–45 days; tortoise suspected mycoplasmal respiratory infection uses four weeks.

Indications

  • Vector-borne bacterial disease
  • Susceptible respiratory and soft-tissue infections
  • Feline hemoplasmosis
  • Wolbachia reduction during heartworm treatment

Contraindications

  • Never administer IV to horses.
  • Do not inject IM or SC.
  • Avoid during pregnancy when alternatives are suitable.

Interactions

  • Aluminum, iron, calcium and other cations may reduce absorption.

Adverse effects

  • Vomiting, diarrhea and enteritis
  • Esophagitis and stricture after dry tablets/capsules in cats
  • Fatal reactions with equine IV use

Preparations

PreparationFormStrengthRoute
Doxycycline 20 mgTablet20 mg / tabletPO
Doxycycline 50 mgTablet50 mg / tabletPO
Doxycycline 75 mgTablet75 mg / tabletPO
Doxycycline 100 mgTablet100 mg / tabletPO
Doxycycline 150 mgTablet150 mg / tabletPO
Doxycycline 50 mg capsuleCapsule50 mg / capsulePO
Doxycycline 100 mg capsuleCapsule100 mg / capsulePO
Doxycycline oral suspension 10 mg/mLOral Liquid10 mg / mLPO
Doxycycline injection 100 mg vial
Doxycycline-equivalent content; reconstitute and further dilute. Never use IV in horses.
Injection100 mg / vialIV
Doxycycline injection 200 mg vial
Reconstitute and further dilute. Never IM/SC or IV in horses.
Injection200 mg / vialIV

Monitoring and Administration

Always follow feline solid oral doses with water or food. Hyclate is particularly irritating if retained in the esophagus.

For IV use in suitable species, reconstitute then further dilute, commonly to 1 mg/mL, and infuse over 1–2 hours.

Monitor response and use susceptibility testing for ordinary bacterial infections; Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas are often resistant.

Aqueous compounded suspension stability is formulation dependent and can be short; a particular Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet mixture retained potency for only 7 days. Darkening can indicate degradation.

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