Carprofen for Animals

Carprofen

Carprofen is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory used predominantly for canine osteoarthritis and perioperative pain.

Group

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin production; selectivity and disposition vary by species.

Dose Rates

Dogs

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Pain and inflammation2.2 mg/kgPO, SCEvery 12 h
Pain and inflammation4.4 mg/kgPO, SCEvery 24 h
Perioperative analgesia4 mg/kgPO, IM, SCOnceAlternative surgical-pain regimen; use a product suitable for the selected route.
Pain and inflammation2.2 mg/kgPOEvery 12–24 h

Cats

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Perioperative analgesiaReference onlyPO4 mg/kg once by injection. The dosage passage does not specify an injection route; no route is inferred.
Long-term analgesia0.5 mg/kgPOEvery 24 hPharmacokinetic extrapolation only; long-term feline safety is not established.
Perioperative analgesia1–4 mg/kgSCOncePre- or postoperative single-dose alternative; 1–2 mg/kg has been described with similar efficacy and greater safety. Do not extrapolate to repeated canine dosing.
Short-course analgesia2 mg/kgPOEvery 12 hUp to 2 days; Historical feline oral regimen, limited to two days. This is not evidence for long-term safety.
Lower-dose short-course analgesiaReference onlyPOLess than 1 mg/kg orally once daily for 2–3 treatments; the open-ended less-than limit is not encoded as an invented numeric range.

Horses

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Pain and inflammation0.7 mg/kgIVEvery 24 h
Pain and inflammation0.7 mg/kgPOOral granules are described; the oral interval is not explicitly stated in that alternative.
Acute pain and inflammation0.7 mg/kgIVOnce

Cattle

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Inflammation1.4 mg/kgSC, IV
Escherichia coli mastitis-associated inflammation0.7 mg/kgIVDose described in the clinical-use discussion.

Rabbits

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Chronic joint pain2.2 mg/kgPOEvery 12 h

Rats

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Analgesia5 mg/kgSC
Analgesia5–10 mg/kgPO

Chinchillas

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Analgesia4 mg/kgSCEvery 24 h

Birds

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Pain and inflammation2 mg/kgPOEvery 8–24 h

Chickens

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Lameness-associated pain1 mg/kgSC

Reptiles

Use / stageDoseRouteScheduleInstructions
Pain and inflammation1–4 mg/kgIV, IM, SC, POEvery 24–72 hBroad historical reptile recommendation; individual species evidence and hydration must guide use.

Indications

  • Osteoarthritis
  • Postoperative pain
  • Musculoskeletal inflammation
  • Bovine inflammation associated with respiratory disease or mastitis

Contraindications

  • Gastrointestinal ulcer predisposition or previous serious NSAID reaction.
  • Do not apply canine regimens to cats.
  • Long-term feline safety has not been established.
  • Bleeding disorders such as von Willebrand disease; assess dehydration, hepatic or renal disease and geriatric risk.

Interactions

  • Corticosteroids and other ulcerogenic drugs increase gastrointestinal injury.
  • May reduce effects of ACE inhibitors and diuretics.
  • Avoid concurrent aspirin because gastrointestinal blood loss can increase.
  • Digoxin exposure may increase; methotrexate toxicity may be enhanced by NSAIDs.
  • Probenecid can increase exposure; hepatic enzyme inducers and other highly protein-bound drugs warrant medication review.

Adverse effects

  • Vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea
  • Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration or perforation
  • Rare idiosyncratic hepatic injury
  • Reduced measured total T4

Toxicity

Stop treatment for suspected hepatic or gastrointestinal toxicity. Canine doses repeated in cats can be toxic.

Preparations

PreparationFormStrengthRoute
Carprofen 25 mg tabletTablet25 mg / tabletPO
Carprofen 75 mg tabletTablet75 mg / tabletPO
Carprofen 100 mg tabletTablet100 mg / tabletPO
Carprofen 50 mg/mL injectionInjection50 mg / mLSC

Monitoring and Administration

Check hepatic enzymes about 7–14 days after starting and reassess if appetite, stool or activity changes.

A compounded oral suspension made using methylcellulose, syrup and a suitable vehicle has reported stability for 28 days refrigerated or at room temperature.

Cattle have prolonged elimination; withdrawal decisions are formulation- and jurisdiction-specific.

Baseline assessment for prolonged therapy includes examination, CBC, chemistry and urinalysis. Recheck liver enzymes at approximately 1, 2 and 4 weeks, then at 3–6-month intervals if stable.

For the described canine injectable product, refrigerate unopened at 2–8°C; after first use it may be held at up to 25°C for 28 days. Do not apply tablet room-temperature storage to injection.

Two compounded vehicles have different stability: the previously described methylcellulose formulation had 28-day data; 100 mg tablet in Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet to final 20 mL gives 5 mg/mL with 21-day potency at 5°C or 25°C, protected from light.

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