Posterior vena cava is the largest venous trunk in the body. It is formed under the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra by the union of the two common iliac veins (each common iliac vein is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins). It receives the middle sacral vein passes forwards […]

Subcutaneous thoracic vein (External thoracic vein) This vein is inconstant. It arises from the region of the flank and the abdominal wall and passes forwards under the cutaneous muscle in company with the nerve of the same and joins the deep brachial vein in the axilla. It may join the brachial or subscapular veins. It is

The cephalic vein is formed by the upward continuation of the medial metacarpal vein. It passes subcutaneously upward and forwards in an oblique manner on the medial face of the forearm then upward in the arm to about its middle and is connected with the median vein by an anastomotic branch, medial cubital vein. It then

Vena hemizygous is a large unpaired vein situated on the left side of the roof of thoracic cavity. It arises from the first lumbar vein receives radicles from psoas muscles, runs forwards and downwards to the level of the 8th dorsal vertebra, partly in contact with the bodies of the vertebrae and partly in contact with

The anterior vena cava is formed by the union of the external jugular vein and brachial vein on either side. this is a large venous trunk receiving venous blood from the head, neck, fore limbs and a large part of the thoracic wall. It is about 10 to 14 cm long and it passes in

These venous sinuses or Sinuses of the Duramater are the spaces between the meningeal and periosteal layers of the dura mater and are lined by endothelium. These receive the cerebral, meningeal and diploic veins and communicate with veins outside the cranium by means of emissary veins. The dorsal longitudinal (sagittal) sinus is situated in the convex border

The venous blood is drained from the brain by small cerebral veins, which are devoid of muscular coat and valves. Venous drainage of Cranium do not accompany the cerebral arteries. this drainage system lie in the piamater and subarachnoid space. the ascending cerebral veins drain the convex and medial faces of the hemisphere and open

The veins are the centripetal vessels of the circulatory system. these make venous system. The veins may be divided into superficial and deep. The superficial veins of the body form an extensive network, lie immediately under the skin and are mostly unassociated with the arteries. The deep veins are placed deeply and are accompanied by

The coeliac artery is very short and usually divides into a) left gastric, b) hepatic and c) splenic arteries. The lumbar arteries are seven pairs. Out of which first six pairs arise from aorta and the last pair from internal iliac arteries. The intercostal arteries are 12 pairs in number. First three pairs usually originate