The thickness of the skin varies with age, sex species and body region. The Ox has the thickest skin and sheep has the thinnest skin. It is thickest on the back and on the extensor surfaces of limbs than on the belly and flexor surfaces. The skin is very thick on the tail of the […]

From the larger arteries of the subcutaneous tissue, branches pass into the reticular layer of dermis, where they form networks. From this network, branches pass into the papillary, layer where they form second network. From this the papillae, hair follicles, sebaceous glands etc., are supplied. The primary plexuses supplies sweat gland, fat lobules etc. The

Sebaceous glands These are associated with hair follicles and open into neck of hair follicle. In certain places of the body they occur independent of hair (e.g. glans penis, prepuce, labia vulvae, anus, external ear canal and tarsal glands of eyelids). Sebaceous glands are simple or branched alveolar, holocrine glands. The alveolus has a basement

The Hair follicle consists of the inner and outer epithelial root sheaths derived form the epidermis and connective tissue sheaths derived form dermis. The inner epithelial root sheath cuticle of root sheath similar to the cuticle of hair and lies against it. Huxley’s layer consisting of several rows of elongated cells, the cytoplasm containing eleidin-like granules.

The hairs are flexible, horny threads developed form the epidermis. They are placed in deep narrow epidermal pits, which traverse the dermis to varying depths, and usually extend into the subcutaneous tissue. Each hair consists of a shaft which projects above the surface and a root embedded within the skin. At the root presents a knob-like expansion, the hair-bulb,

The function of skin is to protect the body and to serve as an organ of heat regulation, excretion and sensation. It consists of an epithelial part – epidermis and a connective tissue part – the dermis and other structures, such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweats gland etc. The hair, the horny portion of the hoof, nails or

Histology of Integumentary system cover- Skin Hairs Hair follicle Skin glands Blood vessels and nerves Species difference

In addition to capillary nets in the muscular coat and propria a rich capillary plexus is seen immediately under the epithelium. Capillaries also enter the epithelium. In the bladder there is a submucosa separated form propria, by bundles of plain muscle running longitudinally.

Ureter has connective tissue coat externally. The muscular coat consists of an outer circular and an inner longitudinal layer of plain muscle fibers. In the lower third there is an additional external longitudinal layer. The mucous membrane is thrown into folds and is lined by transitional epithelium.

Renal Pelvis and calyces are lined by transitional epithelium resting on loose connective tissue proper. The mucularis consists of two ill-defined layers of plain muscle and sphincter-like arrangement of the circular layer is found in each minor calyx at the base of each papilla and at the beginning of the ureter. A connective tissue coat