General Features of development in animals A multi-cellular begins life as a fertilized egg or zygote. The further development depends on the following processes. Growth Growth occurs by the following three basic mechanisms: An increase in the number of cells — In the early stages of development increase in size by cell proliferation is a […]
Developmental biology is the study of post-natal processes such as normal growth, metamorphosis, regeneration and tissue repair at the levels of complexity ranging from the molecular to the organism level along with the embryonic development.
Composition of Blood in animals Blood is composed of fluid in which the cells and cell fragments are suspended. The fluid portion is known as the plasma‚ and the suspended cellular elements are the – Erythrocytes (RBCs), Leukocytes (WBCs) and Thrombocytes (platelets). Plasma constitutes about 55 to 70% of the blood volume, while the cellular components
Functions of Blood in animals Blood is a fluid connective tissue that flows all over the body in the vessels of the cardiovascular system. functions of blood in animals is described below – Transportation Transport oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs Transport nutrients from GI tract to liver and other
Adrenal gland of Animals Adrenal gland of The adrenals gland are two small, flattened, reddish brown, ductless glands situated in the roof of the abdomen in Ox. They are elongated from before backwards and flattened from side to side. The right adrenal lies against the medial part of the cranial pole of the right kidney.
Parathyroid gland in Animals Parathyroid gland of Ox The parathyroid of Ox are small glandular bodies. They are four in number, two on either side. The cranial pair occurs near the occipital artery. The caudal pair is located in close association with the lateral lobes of thyroid gland. Parathyroid gland of Sheep and goat Parathyroid
Thyroid gland of Animals The thyroid gland of animals is a very vascular ductless gland, soft and dark red in color. It is situated on the cranial part of trachea. Thyroid gland of Ox The thyroid gland of Ox is a very vascular ductless gland, soft and dark red in colour. It is situated on
Thymus Of Animals Thymus of Ox The thymus of Ox is a lymphoid organ and is well developed only in the last stages of fetal life and a few months after birth. After birth it undergoes atrophy. In the calf it is pale in colour, distinctly lobulated and consists of thoracic and cervical parts. The thoracic
Spleen of Animals The spleen of animals is the largest of the lymphoid organs. Spleen of Ox Spleen of Ox is the largest of the lymphoid organs, situated on the left face of the rumen and elliptical in outline. It is bluish-red or purple in colour and measures about 50 cm long and 15 cm
Mammary gland or udder of Animals The mammary glands are modified cutaneous gland associated functionally with the genital organs. They are popularly known as “Udder”. Mammary gland of Cow Mammary gland or udder of cow is compound saccular glands, four in number and two on the either side of the median line They extend from caudal
