Monocytes of animals Monocytes of animals are the largest of WBCs, characterized by kidney or bean shaped nucleus. Monocytes are actively motile, pinocytic and also highly phagocytic, which may migrate into the tissue spaces and become macrophages. These cells are much more powerful phagocytes than neutrophils by their ability to engulf much large sized particles, necrotic tissues […]
Lymphocytes of Animals Lymphocytes cells are characterized by well defined centrally placed nucleus, surrounded by cytoplasm. According to the size and the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm, these cells are further divided into 3 types- Small lymphocytes: These are small sized cells with a large notched nucleus. Medium lymphocytes: These are medium sized, which have notched nucleus surrounded
Basophils of Animals Basophils cells are found in the blood in lower concentration. They have irregular shaped nucleus and the granules are stained blue by the basic dye of Leishman’s stain. They originate in the bone marrow and have slight or no phagocytosis. Extravascularly, basophils enlarge and become tissue mast cells. Both basophils and mast cells
Eosinophils of animals Eosinophils of animals are large cells which contain large cytoplasmic granules that stain red or purple eosin stain. They have bilobed nucleus, connected by a thin filament. The cytoplasmic granules contain enzymes, which are rich in oxidases‚ and peroxidases. Eosinophils are produced from the bone marrow and are highly motile, but less
Neutrophils of animals Neutrophils of animals are produced in the bone marrow from the extravascular neutrophilic myelocytes. They are numerously found in the blood of most animals. The nucleus of mature cells is divided into lobes, usually five lobes and are stained blue or purple by Leishman’s stain. They have abundant and fine granular cytoplasm
Leukocytes or WBCs in animals Leukocytes are large sized, nucleated cells, lesser in number and do not have hemoglobin content. These cells show polymorphic forms, which differ morphologically and functionally. Majority of the WBCs is larger than RBCs; while RBCs are present in millions per ml of blood, the WBCs are present in thousands per
Leukopoiesis in animals The process of formation of leukocytes is known as Leukopoiesis. Leukocytes are produced from the pleuripotent stem cells. Fate of WBCs It is very difficult to assess the life span of leukocytes because the WBCs move between blood and tissue. The life span of granulocytes is normally 9 days but once they are released into
Derivatives of Hemoglobin in animals Derivatives of Hemoglobin in animals are Oxyhemoglobin, Myoglobin, Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) and Methemoglobin (ferrihemoglobin). Oxyhemoglobin Hemoglobin has an important physiological relationship with oxygen. Oxygen forms loose and reversible combination with hemoglobin called oxyhemoglobin when the erythrocytes passes through the pulmonary capillaries. Since there are four ferrous atoms in the hemoglobin molecule,
Hemoglobin biosynthesis in animals Hemoglobin (Hb) is synthesized in a complex series of steps. The heme part is synthesized in a series of steps in the mitochondria and the cytosol of immature red blood cells, while the globin protein parts are synthesized by ribosomes in the cytosol. Production of Hb continues in the cell throughout
The structure and function of hemoglobin in animals are very important, as it is the main structural component that carries oxygen and transports other gases as well.
