With slight injury the smooth and skeletal muscle fibres may proliferate but a larger defect of the muscular tissue is made good only by a connective tissue scar. The cardiac muscle has little regenerative capacity and healing is by formation of scar tissue.
Myocardium or heart muscle is composed of an interlacing network of muscle fibres (cells). The muscle net is irregularly and incompletely divided into bundles and laminae which wind about the heart in the form of spirals. The fibres within a bundle are mostly parallel but the bundles themselves course in different directions so that a
The independent units of skeletal muscle are called as muscle fibres. The fibres have many nuclei and are larger than most cells. Fibres are grouped together into bundles of fasciculi. Larger muscles are composed of many fasciculi. The skeletal muscle fibres are elongated and cylindrical and 1.5 cm in length and 10-15 microns in diameter.
Smooth muscles Consists of fusiform or spindle shaped cell 15 to 500 microns in length with abundant cytoplasm in whose central thickest position the nucleus lies. The nucleus is oval elongated or rod-shaped. The nuclei of contracted muscle cells usually have a folded outline. The cytoplasm contains the usual organoids and appears more or less
Three types of muscle viz., smooth, skeletal and cardiac are distinguishable histologically- Smooth or non-striated muscle lacks the cross striations seen in other two muscles. The smooth muscle is involuntary, being especially associated with viscera which are not under the voluntary control. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary making up the bulky muscles of the body. Cardiac or heart muscle is striated
Red marrow (Myeloid tissue) is composed of stroma of reticular cells and fibres with free cells located in the meshwork. The stroma also shows varying number of fat cells. Majority of free cells in bone marrow are the developmental stages of the granulocytes and a few lymphocytes, monocytes and plasma cells. Sinusoids are numerous and
Leucocytes (White blood cells) are nucleated, (true cells) and may be divided into non-granular (agranulocytes) and granular (granulocytes) varieties. The cytoplasm of granular leucocytes shows numerous granules. In many, these granules are fine and slightly refractive but in others they are coarse and highly refractive. Chicken 19.8 Cat 17.2 Swine 14.9 Goat and guinea pig 12 Dog 11.3 Sheep 9.2
Erythrocyte (Red blood corpuscles) are highly differentiated and specialized for the function of transporting oxygen. In the lower vertebrates, the erythrocyte is nucleated but in mammals, it loses it nucleus, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and centroiles before entering blood stream. The erythrocytes are acidophilic biconcave discs and round in all mammals except in camel and llama
Blood is the connective tissue consisting of free cells and a fluid intercellular substance or plasma. The structural elements of Mammalian blood include red blood corpuscles (erythrocytes), white blood corpuscles (leucocytes) and blood platelets.
Bone is richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves which pass into it form the periosteum. An artery, the medullary artery runs through the nutrient canal, through the nutrient foramen into the marrow cavity. In its course through compact bone, the branches of the medullary artery communicate with the vessels of the Haversian canal. The
