Leukocytes or WBCs in animals Leukocytes are large sized, nucleated cells, lesser in number and do not have hemoglobin content. These cells show polymorphic forms, which differ morphologically and functionally. Majority of the WBCs is larger than RBCs; while RBCs are present in millions per ml of blood, the WBCs are present in thousands per […]
Leukopoiesis in animals The process of formation of leukocytes is known as Leukopoiesis. Leukocytes are produced from the pleuripotent stem cells. Fate of WBCs It is very difficult to assess the life span of leukocytes because the WBCs move between blood and tissue. The life span of granulocytes is normally 9 days but once they are released into
Derivatives of Hemoglobin in animals Derivatives of Hemoglobin in animals are Oxyhemoglobin, Myoglobin, Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) and Methemoglobin (ferrihemoglobin). Oxyhemoglobin Hemoglobin has an important physiological relationship with oxygen. Oxygen forms loose and reversible combination with hemoglobin called oxyhemoglobin when the erythrocytes passes through the pulmonary capillaries. Since there are four ferrous atoms in the hemoglobin molecule,
Hemoglobin biosynthesis in animals Hemoglobin (Hb) is synthesized in a complex series of steps. The heme part is synthesized in a series of steps in the mitochondria and the cytosol of immature red blood cells, while the globin protein parts are synthesized by ribosomes in the cytosol. Production of Hb continues in the cell throughout
The structure and function of hemoglobin in animals are very important, as it is the main structural component that carries oxygen and transports other gases as well.
Erythropoiesis in Animals From stem cell, the formation of reticulocyte takes about 72 hours and conversion of reticulocyte to erythrocyte requires 48 hours. Thus RBC formation requires 5 days time. Under appropriate stimulation, CFU-E progenitor cells produce proerythroblast. Hb synthesis begins in polychromatophil erythroblast and maximum synthesis occurs in orthochromatic erythroblast. The metarubricyte ejects the
Hematopoiesis in animals refers to the process of blood cell formation, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
Life span and Hemolysis of RBCs in animals Life span of erythrocytes Cattle Sheep Goat Horse Dog Cat Pig Poultry 125-150 140-150 125-150 140-150 100-120 70-80 51-79 20-30 Life span of erythrocytes (days) Site of destruction of erythrocytes In most of the domestic animals bone marrow functions as a chief site of destruction of erythrocytes,
Erythrocytic indices in animals Erythrocytic indices in animals help in the diagnosis various types of anemia (microcytic vs. macrocytic or normocytic). Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Mean Corpuscular Volume expresses the average cell size of the erythrocyte. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin gives the average weight of Hb present in the erythrocytes. Mean Corpuscular
Abnormalities of RBC Concentration in animals Abnormalities of RBC Concentration in animals are Polycythemia, Oligocythemia and Anemia. Polycythemia in Animals It is otherwise known as erythrocytosis. It is a condition of increased number of RBCs in the circulation. It is of two types. Physiological (secondary) polycythemia An increase in RBCs occurs as a compensatory measure (in high
