Teratology

Teratology is the division of embryology and pathology dealing with the abnormal development and malformations of the antenatal individual.

Karyotype or Idiogram

Systematized arrangement of chromosomes in pairs and groups.

Mosaicism

The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations or tissues each with a different chromosome complement derived from a single zygote.

Chimerism

The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations or tissues each with a different chromosome complement derived from different zygotes, as in twins with placental anastomoses.

Cytogenetics

Cytogenetics is the branch of genetics devoted to the study of the cellular constituents, chromosomes and genes, which are concerned in heredity.

Pleiotropism

Pleiotropism refers to certain harmful traits spread widely if they are associated with desirable traits.

Anomaly

Anomaly refers to the malformation involving only an organ or part of the body.

• Head and Central Nervous System Anomalies
• Skeletal Anomalies
• Anomalies of the Trunk

Monster

Monster refers to an animal with extensive deformity.

Phenocopies

Phenocopies refers to non-genetic anomalies that are similar to genetic anomalies.

Teratogens

Teratogens are variety of environmental factors or agents causing non-genetic anomalies or monsters.