Dissociative anesthetics in animals Dissociative anesthetics in animals cause the patient to feel dissociated from or unaware of the surroundings during induction are called dissociative anaesthetics. Dissociative anaesthetics depress the cerebral cortex before causing medullary depression. Dissociative anesthesia is a state whereby profound somatic analgesia is combined with a light plane of unconsciousness, but the […]
Barbiturate Anesthetics in animals Barbiturate Anesthetics in animals are derived from the non-depressant barbituric acid which is a combination of malonic acid and urea. Barbiturates are bitter tasting white powders. Salts containing sulfur have a yellowish tint. They are hygroscopic and will decompose on exposure to air, heat and light. Structure activity relationship To be hypnotically effective,
Intravenous Anesthetics in animals Intravenous Anesthetics in animals are used to induce anesthesia by giving them through intra venous route of drug administration. Intravenous anesthetics are also known as injectable anaesthetics. Advantages of Intravenous anesthetics Disadvantages of intravenous anesthetics Intravenous or injectable Anesthetics are further divided into- Barbiturates Anesthetics, Non-Barbiturates anesthetics and Dissociative anesthetics. Barbiturates
Inhalant Anaesthetics Inhalant anesthetics in animals are delivered in the respiratory system by use of Anaesthetic machine to induce general anaesthesia. Inhalent anaesthesia classified as gases and volatile liquids. Based on their use, they are also classified as follows- Properties influencing drug kinetics of inhalant anaesthetics Pharmacokinetics of inhalant anaesthetics Species Enflurane Methoxyflurane Halothane Isoflurane
Local anesthetics in animals Local anesthetics in animals are agents applied locally to skin/mucosa for reversible blockade of the nerve impulses. they effectively block the somatic sensory, somatic motor, and ANS. Using of local anesthetics in animals make No need for general anesthesia (GA) and surgery performed in standing posture with or without sedation. These avoids prolonged
Anesthetics in animals Anesthetics in animals is defined as total but reversible loss of sensation in a particular part of the body (local anesthesia) or in the entire body (general anesthesia) which results from administration of a drug (or drugs) that depress the activity of part or all of the nervous system. Chronological events in
CNS Pharmacology CNS Pharmacology will deal with- Anesthetics, Preanesthetic medication, Sedative, Hypnotic, Narcotic, Antiepileptic, Analeptics, Analgesic, Anxiolytic, Antidepressants etc. Anesthetics – drugs that produce reversible loss of sensation eg. halothane. Dissociative anesthetic – drug that produces a feeling of dissociation from one’s own body and surroundings including profound analgesia, immobility, amnesia with light sleep. Preanesthetic medication – use
Antiemetic drugs in animals Antiemetic drugs in animals are agents that are used to control emesis. Species like the horses, rabbits and rodents are unable to vomit. Protracted vomiting is undesirable in dogs, cats and other species. Vomiting usually occurs secondary to another disease process. If the primary cause is treated then vomiting disappears. Antiemetics
Emetics in animals Emetics in animals are drugs which are responsible for evoke vomiting. vomition is induced only when an undesirable substance has been ingested. The main area in the brain responsible for vomiting is the vomiting center. This area is located in the lateral reticular formation of the medulla. Centrally acting emetics Apomorphine Apomorphine is
Appetite stimulants in animals Appetite stimulants in animals are used to improve the food intake and digestion in animals. Inappetence or anorexia is common in disease states and the resultant malnutrition can delay recovery and may aggravate the underlying disease. The various ways by which appetite can be improved are- Enteral alimentation with liquid supplements is
