Erythrocyte/RBC of Animals Functions of erythrocytes Transport hemoglobin which in turn carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. RBCs contain large quantity of carbonic anhydrase which catalyzes the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water. Thereby makes it possible for the water of the blood to transport enormous quantities of carbon dioxide from the […]
Plasma Lipids Lipids are heterogenous molecules soluble in organic solvents but not in water. They are esters of fatty acids, formed by the reaction of fatty acids with glycerol. Blood lipids (or blood fats) are lipids in the blood and they are present either free or bound to other molecules. Blood lipids are mainly fatty acids, triglycerides,
Plasma Proteins of blood in animals Plasma proteins of blood in animals contribute about 7% of the total organic molecules of the plasma. The major proteins present in plasma are- Albumin (55%), Globulins (38 %) and Fibrinogen (7 %). Liver functions as a chief site of synthesis of plasma proteins, albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin and some of the
Viscosity and pH of Blood of Animals Viscosity and pH of Blood of Animals is described below: Viscosity of Blood of Animals Viscosity is influenced by concentration of RBCs and plasma proteins. Among plasma proteins, the viscosity is mainly contributed by the gamma globulins which provide the resistance to blood flow and helps the normal pumping activity
Specific Gravity of Blood Specific gravity is the ratio of weight of a given volume of a fluid to the weight of the same volume of distilled water measured at 25°C. Plasma protein concentration is largely responsible for the specific gravity of the plasma. The cellular elements called the corpuscles have higher specific gravity than
Development of Sense Organs of Animals Lamellated corpuscles are differentiated from a mass of mesenchymal cells clustering around a nerve termination. These multiply, flatten and give rise to concentric fibrous lamellae, the Pacinian corpuscles. A tactile corpuscle originates with a looping plexus of terminal nerve fibres located just beneath the epidermis and this plexus becomes
Bone formed in this process has a spongy character and consists of irregular plates of bone, which branch and unite with one another and in the meshes is enclosed embryonic connective tissue rich in blood vessels forming the red marrow.
Development of Muscular System of Animals The muscular system consists of specialised cells – the muscle fibres which are of three varieties, skeletal, plain and cardiac. These are differentiated from the myoblasts which are derived from the mesoderm. The smooth muscle fibres of the iris and sweat glands are ectodermal. The muscles originate in the myotomes. The
Development of Foetal circulation in animals Oxygenated blood returning from the placenta, enters the embryo by the large umbilical vein and is conveyed to the liver. From here it is conveyed to the posterior vena cava for the most part directly through the ductus venosus and to a certain extent through the hepatic- veins. The
Development of Arteries and Veins of animals DEVELOPMENT OF ARTERIES The aorta is dilated at its origin forming the aortic sac from which the ventral aortae ascend and continue as right and left dorsal aortae. The dorsal aortae unite behind to form a single descending aorta. From the aortic sac, five pairs of aortic arches
