Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics

The massage technique of semen collection is a manual method used to obtain semen from male animals, particularly bulls, by rectal stimulation.

There are four methods of semen collection in bulls: the vaginal method, massage technique, artificial vagina method, and electroejaculation method.

The management of bulls for breeding purpose plays a vital role in the success of any livestock breeding program. Bulls contribute significantly to the genetic makeup of future generations, as one bull can father hundreds or even thousands of offspring.

The preputial pouch technique in bulls creates a fistula on the ventral prepuce and closes the normal preputial orifice. This technique prevents penile extension but allows the passage of urine through the ventral fistula.

Penopexy is the iatrogenic creation of phimosis by surgically creating an adhesion of the penis to the ventral body wall. This procedure prevents protrusion of the penis, thus preventing normal intromission or copulation

Penile-prepuce translocation (“sidewinder”) in bulls is the surgical transposition of the penis and prepuce from the ventral midline to the right or left flank of a bull.

Preparation of a teaser bull refers to the process of modifying a healthy and fertile bull into an infertile one that can be used to detect estrus (heat).

Semen banks need specialized equipment to ensure the proper collection, evaluation, processing, preservation, and storage of semen samples.

The components and layout of a semen station are crucial for ensuring high-quality semen production, animal welfare, and biosecurity.

The epididymectomy consists of removing the tail of epididymis, and this technique has been described for both bulls and rams.