Muscles of Larynx are divided in extrinsic and intrinsic muscles Extrinsic Sterno-thyro- hyoideus Thyro-hyoideus (hyothyroideus) Hyo-epiglotticus Intrinsic Crico-thyroideus Crico-arytenoideus dorsalis Crico-arytenoideus lateralis Arytenoideus transversus Thyro-arytenoideus EXTRINSIC MUSCLES Sternothyro- hyoideus This is a long, slender muscle situated on the ventral face of the trachea. Origin: Manubrium sterni. The two side muscles are very close together at their origin and cover trachea at […]

Muscles of the Pharynx form the muscular wall of the pharynx. Theses are – Stylo– pharyngeus, Palato-pharyngeus, Pterygo-pharyngeus. Aryteno-pharyngeus, Hyo-pharyngeus, Thyro-pharyngeus, Crico-pharyngeus. Stylo– pharyngeus Arises from the great cornu or hyoid bone, near its dorsal extremity. It is the dilator of the pharynx. Palato-pharyngeus Arises from the vertical part of the palatine and body of the sphenoid

Muscles of the Soft Palate are- Palato-glossus Palato-pharyngeus Tensor palati Levator palati Palatinus Palatoglossus It is a narrow, thin muscle arising from the edge of the soft palate. It passes downwards, blends with the middle hyoglossus and ends on the root of the tongue. This muscle narrows the isthmus faucium Palato-Pharyngeus It is placed next

The lingual muscles or Muscles of the Tongue are divided in extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue. Extrinsic muscles of the tongue Stylo-glossus It is a long muscle on the ventro-lateral face of the tongue. Origin: Great cornu of the hyoid bone, near its anterior extremity. Insertion:It terminates near the tip of tongue by blending with

The muscles of respiration / Muscles of the Thorax attached to the thoracic vertebrae, ribs and their cartilages and sternum constitute the muscles of the thorax or the costal region. They are Serratus thoracis Levatores costarum External intercostals Internal intercostals Retractor costarum Rectus thoracis Transversus thoracis Diaphragm Serratus thoracis This muscle is thin and flat

The cervical part of the cutaneous muscle is present The sterno-cephalicus is well developed. The omo-hyoideus is absent. The scalenus is very long. The rectus capitis ventralis major arises from the transverse processes of the second to the 6th cervical vertebra. The spleneus is extensive. The complexus consists of two parts.

A cutaneous colli is present. The sterno-mandibualaris alone represents sternocephalicus. The sterno-thyro-hyoid is a digastric muscle . The hyoid band is larger and is closely applied to its fellow till its insertion. The scalenus dorsalis is less extensive. The omo-hyoideus (also called subscapulohyoideus) arises from the subscapular fascia.

The cutaneous muscle is absent in the region of the neck. The cervical muscles of neck may be divided into two groups- ventral cervical and lateral cervical Ventral cervical group These muscles lie below and lateral to the cervical vertebrae and are for the most part found around the trachea. They are Sterno-cephalicus Sterno-thyro-hyoideus Omo-hyoideus Scalenus Rectus capitis

The facial cutaneous is well developed The orbicularis oris is rudimentary The levator naso labialis is not divided. The levator labii superioris terminates by numerous small tendons, some of which unite with those of opposite muscle. And others are inserted in to the nostrils. A triangular muscle which originates inferior to the levator labii superiois represents the dilator naris lateralis. The other dilator muscles of the

The cutaneous muscle of the head is less developed. The orbicularis oris is a complete sphincter. The levator labii superioris proprius inserted by a common tendon with its fellow to the upper lip. The depressor labii superioris is absent. Transversus nasi is unpaired and lies between the nostrils. The corrugator supercilli is a separate muscle. Malaris is thin and levator buccalis is absent. There is an additional muscle in