Muscles of the head of Horse

  • The cutaneous muscle of the head is less developed.
  • The orbicularis oris is a complete sphincter.
  • The levator labii superioris proprius inserted by a common tendon with its fellow to the upper lip.
  • The depressor labii superioris is absent.
  • Transversus nasi is unpaired and lies between the nostrils.
  • The corrugator supercilli is a separate muscle.
  • Malaris is thin and levator buccalis is absent.
  • There is an additional muscle in the mandibular region the occipito-mandibularis, which extends between the paramastoid process and the posterior border of the vertical ramus
  • The digastricus has a distinct intermediate tendon, which perforates the tendon of stylo-hyoideus.
  • Thyro-arytenoideus is represented by ventricularis and vocalis.
  • Other muscles resemble those of the ox.
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