Skeleton of Domestic Animals: Dog, Ox, Horse & Fowl

The skeleton of domestic animals refers to the complete framework of bones that provides structure, support, protection, and mobility to the bodies of animals such as dogs, cattle, horses and fowl.

It is divided into two main parts: the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum; and the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the limbs.

The number of bony segments are varies with the species. Some of the bones are laid down in the embryonic life, either fuse or disappear in adult life. So the young and adult animal of the same species will not have the same number of bones.

Species	Skull (including hyoid and mandible)	Vertebral Column (approx.)	Ribs and Sternum	Fore Limb	Hind Limb	Visceral Bone	Total
Ox	32	51	26+1+0	24 x 2	24 x 2	2 os cordis	208
Horse	32	51	36+1+0	20 x 2	20 x 2	–	200
Dog	32	51	26+1+2	44 x 2	45 x 2	1 os penis	291
Pig	30	52	28-30+1+0	40 x 2	40 x 2	1 os rostri	274
Rabbit	34	46	24-26+1+0	31 x 2	29 x 2	–	229
Fowl	40	41	14+1+1+2	13 x 2 (coracoid)	21 x 2	2 os opticus	169

Skeleton of Ox

The ox skeleton forms a strong, supportive framework essential for weight-bearing and draught activities. It includes approximately 208 bones, with notable structures like the os cordis in the heart, aiding in cardiac function.

Skeleton of Dog

With around 291 bones, the dog’s skeleton is highly mobile and adapted for a carnivorous, active lifestyle. It includes the os penis, a bone aiding in mating.

Skeleton of Horse

The horse has about 200 bones, forming a lightweight yet powerful skeletal system tailored for high-speed locomotion. Long limbs, a flexible spine, and fused bones contribute to efficient gait and strength.

Skeleton of Fowl

The avian skeleton is lightweight, consisting of around 169 bones, many of which are pneumatic to aid in flight. Unique structures include the os opticus and a fused thoracic region.

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