Nagana (African Trypanosomiasis)
Nagana (African Trypanosomiasis) is caused by group of trypanosome species Trypanosoma vivax, T. brucei brucei, T. Congolense and T. Simiae.
Host affected
- Horse, cattle, sheep, goat and pigs.
- N-Dama cattles is genetically resistant to African trypanosomiasis.
Pathogenesis
- Similar to T. evansi.
Clinical manifestation
Cattle
- Intermittent fever, loss of appetite occur intermittently during parasitemic peaks, anemia, generalized enlargement of superficial lymph glands, lethargy, progressive loss of body condition (emaciation), ocular and nasal discharge, icterus, edema of throat and underline.
- Typically, the disease is chronic, extending over several months, growth of young animals is stunted, while adult shows decreased fertility, abortion in pregnant animals or birth of weak neonates and paralysis.
- In chronic condition, size of lymph node is reduced.
- The death is associated with congestive heart failure is due to anemia and myocarditis.
Sheep
- Fever, anorexia, loss of body weight, generalized lymphoid hyperplasia moderate anemia, subcutaneous edema and neurological disorder.
Dog and cat
- Fever, emaciation, edema of the eyelids and thorax, ocular and nervous manifestation may occur.
Necropsy Findings
- Liver, spleen and lymph nodes are enlarged.
- Petechiae on lymph node, pericardium and intestinal mucosa.
- Non suppurative myocarditis, sometimes associated with hydropericarditis.
- Non suppurative meningioencephalomyelitis.
- Keratitis.
- Atrophy of bone marrow.
- Chronic stage- atrophy of lymphoid organ.
Diagnosis, treatment and control
- Similar to T. evansi.
