Interior of Ruminant Stomach of Ox
Interior of Ruminant Stomach of Ox different compartments of the ruminant stomach differ in order to accomplish its function.
![Interior of Ruminant Stomach of Ox](https://vetscraft.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/0107-Interior-of-Ruminant-Stomach-of-Ox.jpg)
Rumen
- The cavity of the rumen is divided into two sacs by the pillars of the rumen, which are muscular folds and correspond to the grooves on the exterior
- They project like shelves into the cavity of the organ. The cranial pillar has a thick concave free edge
- Between these free edges, the two sacs of rumen communicate with each other
- The right and left pillars connect the cranial and caudal pillars and are less prominent
- The rumino-reticular fold corresponds to the rumino-reticular groove. Its free edge is concave and forms the ventral and lateral margins of the large oval rumino-reticular aperture
- The cardia is about 10 to 12 cm ventral to the vertebral end of the 8th or 9th rib. The opening is slit-like
- The mucous membrane is brown in colour except on the pillars where it is pale
- It is thickly studded with papillae which are however not present on the pillars.
OESOPHAGEAL GROOVE
![Oesophageal groove](https://vetscraft.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/0108-Oesophageal-groove.jpg)
The reticular or oesophageal groove is formed by two muscular ridges or lips extending from the cardia to the reticulo -omasal opening.
- It is about 18 to 20 cm length. Its direction is chiefly dorso-ventral but usually it inclines somewhat forward and medially in its ventral part
- The groove is twisted in spiral fashion so that its thickened edges project at first backward then to the left and finally forwards
- The twist mainly concerns the left lip
- The two lips meet dorsal to the cardiac opening and pass ventrally along the right wall of the reticulum, the right lip twisting around the left lip
Reticulum
- The interior of the reticulum is raised into folds of about 1/2 inch high enclosing 4 to 6 sided spaces or cells.
- Smaller folds subdivide these cells and bottoms are studded with pointed horny papillae
- The reticulo-omasal orifice is situated at the lesser curvature of the reticulum five or six inches above the bottom of the later and is rounded
Omasum
- The cavity of omasum is occupied by about hundred longitudinal muscular folds – the lamina omasi, which spring from the greater curvature
- The largest of these are about half a dozen in number, have a superior convex attached edge and a thick concave free edge
- A groove sulcus omasi extends from the reticulo-omasal opening to the omaso-abomasal opening and is about 4 inches long
- It is free from laminae. The omaso-abomasal orifice is oval and is about 4 inches long
Abomasum
- The abomasum is an elongated sac, which lies on the abdominal floor from the xiphoid cartilage backwards
- The cranial blind end is at the xiphoid region in relation with the reticulum
- The body extends back between the ventral sac of rumen and the omasum and turns to the right behind the omasum
- It is constricted about the middle forming an cranial larger part and a caudal pear shaped smaller part
- The pyloric part inclines dorsally and joins the duodenum at the ventral part of the 10th rib
- The parietal surface is in contact with the abdominal floor. The visceral surface is related to the rumen and omasum
- The greater curvature gives attachment to the superficial part of the greater omentum
- The lesser curvature is related to the greater curvature of the omasum.