TABLE OF CONTENTS
Inability to Protrude the Penis in Male Animals
Inability to protrude the penis in male animals is a condition where the penis cannot extend from the prepuce, often due to congenital defects like a short penis or retractor muscle abnormalities. It may also result from injuries, tumors, or phimosis.
Congenital Developmental Anomalies of Penis
A congenital anomaly in the development of the penis and prepuce, with or without hypospadias, is observed in all species but is most commonly seen in the Boston Terrier breed of dog.
Hypospadias
Hypospadias is a congenital defect in which the urethral opening (meatus) is located on the underside of the penisrather than at the tip.
Congenitally Short Penis
Congenitally short penis is a condition observed in bulls, bucks, boars, and horses. It may be hereditary in nature. In bulls, the retractor penis muscle is typically normal. However, in bulls with a short penis, the sigmoid flexure does not form a sharp S-curve in its resting state.
Congenital Short Retractor Penis Muscle
Congenital short retractor penis muscle has been described as a recessive trait in Friesian cattle.
Myectomy of this paired muscle, performed under epidural or local anesthesia at the midpoint between the anus and the base of the scrotum, has shown to result in improvement. However, affected animals are typically culled due to the hereditary nature of the condition.
Psychic Impotence
Psychic impotence in bulls can be caused by various factors, including injury or lesions in the lumbar or scrotal region. Other contributing conditions include phimosis, which is the inability to retract the prepuce, and stenosis of the preputial orifice, which refers to the narrowing of the preputial opening. Tumors of the penis and prepuce can also lead to sexual dysfunction.
When a bull is unable to protrude his penis normally, a thorough physical examination of the penis and prepuce is essential. Diagnostic aids such as tranquilizers, pudendal nerve blocks, or the use of an electroejaculator may assist in determining the underlying cause with greater accuracy.
Bulls diagnosed with a congenitally short penis should not be used for breeding due to the likely hereditary nature of the defect. Such animals are typically recommended for slaughter to prevent passing on the condition to future generations.
