Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics

Infertility in female dogs refers to the inability to conceive or maintain a pregnancy despite appropriate breeding efforts.

Mismating in dogs also known as accidental or unwanted mating, refers to unintended copulation between a bitch and a male dog.

Pseudopregnancy or pseudocyesis also called false pregnancy. It is a physiological condition observed in non-pregnant female dogs (bitches).

Physical and reproductive examination of bitches involves a thorough and systematic evaluation to assess overall health and reproductive soundness.

Artificial Insemination (AI) in dogs is a reproductive technique used to deposit semen into the female’s reproductive tract without natural mating.

Recommendations for a breeding programme in dogs should prioritize the health, temperament, and genetic soundness of both breeding animals.

The estrous cycle in cats, also known as the feline heat cycle, is a seasonal polyestrous cycle influenced by daylight length.

The estrous cycle in female dogs, commonly referred to as the heat cycle in bitches, is a recurring reproductive cycle that includes four distinct stages: proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus.

Breeding of the Bitch (Female Dog) is involves careful planning and understanding of oestrus cycle to ensure successful conception.