RIGHT ATRIUM (RIGHT AURICLE) OF HEART The right atrium forms the right anterior part of the base and is above the right ventricle. It consists of a principal cavity called the sinus venarum and a blind diverticulum called the auricle or auricular appendix. The sinus venarum is the cavity into which the veins open. The […]
The four chambers are externally marked by the transverse grooves and longitudinal groove which are occupied by fat and coronary vessels. The heart is divided into four chambers- Right atrium Right Ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle
The pericardium is a fibro-serous sac which encloses the heart and in part, the great vessels entering and leaving the heart. It consists of two layers, fibrous and serous. The fibrous layer is thin but strong and inelastic. It is attached above to the great blood vessels at the base of the heart and below
Structure of Heart in animals The heart is an involuntary muscular organ which occupies the greater part of the middle mediastinal space. Its shape is an irregular and somewhat flattened cone. It is attached at the base by the great blood vessels but otherwise it is free in the pericardium. Structure of Heart is asymmetrical
Blood Vascular System consists of a series of arteries that carry blood into all parts of the body. They divide into smaller arterioles, which in turn divide on entering the tissues into minute microscopic tubes, the capillaries. The venous capillaries originate from the arterial capillaries and are interposed between the arterial capillaries and the beginning
Angiology is that branch of systematic anatomy, which deals with the organs of circulation. The circulatory apparatus comprises of heart and vessels. The heart is a central hollow muscular organ, which functions as a force and suction pump, situated in the middle mediastinal space of the thorax. It is enclosed in a fibro-serous sac-the pericardium.
The efferent pathways consist of a cranial and a sacral part. The cranial part consists of efferent fibres present in the third, seventh, ninth and tenth cranial nerves. The sacral part consists of efferent fibres present in the third, fourth and fifth sacral spinal nerves. Cranial part The oculomotor parasympathetic fibres arise from the Edinger-Westpal
For purposes of description, the sympathetic system is divided into cephalic, cervical, dorsal, lumbar and sacral parts. Cephalic part The Cephalic part consists of postganglionic distribution from the superior cervical ganglion. The ganglion is situated below the wing of atlas and is an elongated reddish fusiform body. The preganglionic fibres arise from the first four thoracic
Sympathetic system is the larger subdivision of the autonomic system and includes two ganglionated cords with their branches, plexuses and includes two ganglia. It has a much wider distribution as it innervates all the sweat gland of the skin, arrectores pilorum muscles, muscular walls of blood vessels in addition to viscera. The preganglionic fibres of
In Autonomic Nervous System, these headings will be discussed- Sympathetic system Classification of Sympathetic system Parasympathetic system
