Fluid therapy in animals refers to administration of fluids to compensate the loss of fluids from the body due to a variety of conditions leading to dehydration. Fluid loss in the body can lead to shock and can become fatal if unattended to.

Ecbolic drugs Ecbolic drugs are agents that bring about increase in uterine contractions. Oxytocin: It is hormone of the posterior pituitary received from the hypothalamus. It has a major physiological role in milk let down and labor initiation. Clinical uses of oxytocin: For labor induction. Given by slow I/v in dextrose solution. For mIlk letdown

Urine Alkalizers Urine Alkalizers are used to increase pH of urine. these used as a test for renal tubular acidosis. Acidification helps in the excretion of certain drugs like amphetamine, phencyclidine, quinine etc. Ammonium chloride, ascorbic acid or calcium chloride can be used to acidify urine. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is metabolized in the liver to

Urine acidifiers Urinary acidifiers used to decrease pH of urine (Acidifiers make urine acidic). Alteration of urine pH Alteration is sometimes desirable as in the case of poisoning and in the excretion of some drugs to prevent side effects. Alkalization of urine Alkalinising agents reduce the irritation of an inflamed urinary tract and discourage the growth

Diuretics Diuretic drugs are agents that increase the salt and water excretion by an action on the kidneys. Diuretics effective for the treatment of edema have been available since the 16th century and mercurous chloride was known by Paracelsus to be diuretic. In 1930, Swartz discovered that the antimicrobial sulfanilamide could be used to treat edema

Anticoagulants Anticoagulants are agents that inhibit coagulation of blood either in vitro or in vivo. The in vitro anticoagulants are useful in the collection of blood for laboratory analysis or for blood transfusion. In vitro anticoagulants In vivo anticoagulants Heparin is used as Systemic anticoagulants or In vivo type anticoagulant. here are some features of heparin listed below- Clinical uses

Hematinics Hematinics are agents or drugs which are used in the treatment of anaemia and generally act by stimulation of hemoglobin synthesis of erythropoiesis. Iron Iron is necessary for hamoglobin formation. It is available in the diet. However often it is supplemented for the treatment of deficiency of iron  by giving as oral or parenteral