The Muscles of the orbital region / eyeball are enclosed in superficial and deep fasciae. They are seven in number as four straight, one retractor and two oblique muscles. They are as follows Rectus superioris (dorsalis) Rectus inferioris (ventralis) Rectus medialis Rectus lateralis Retractor oculi Oblique superior Oblique inferior Straight muscles The straight muscles are […]
Muscles of the hyoid region are- Mylo-hyoideus Stylo-hyoideus Genio-hyoideus Occipito-hyoideus Kerato-hyoideus Hyoideus transversus Sterno-thyro-hyoideus Omo-hyoideus Mylo-hyoideus The two muscles form a sling for the tongue. Origin: Medial face of the mandible, below the alveolar bone. Insertion:Medial fibrous raphe and lingual process of the hyoid bone. Action: To raise the tongue and hyoid bone. Blood supply: Sublingual artery. Nerve
They are the mandibular muscles or muscles of mastication. Muscles of the temporo-mandibular region are as follows- Masseter Temporalis Pterygoideus medialis Pterygoideus lateralis Digastricus Masseter This muscle is situated on the lateral face of the broad part of the ramus of the mandible. Origin: Zygomatic arch, facial crest and facial tuberosity. Insertion: Lateral face and posterior border of
The muscles, which move the external ear are divided into extrinsic and intrinsic groups. The muscles of the former arise from extraneous parts as cranial bones, ligamentum nuchae or parotid gland and are inserted into the cartilages of the ear. The muscles of the latter are confined to the cartilage of the ear. They are Extrinsic muscles Parotido-auricularis Cervico-auricularis
Muscles of the Palpebral region or eyelid are- Orbicularis oculi Corrugator supercilli Malaris Levator buccalis Depressor palpebrae inferioris Levator palpebrae superioris Orbicularis oculi It is a well-developed, flat, elliptical sphincter muscle around the eyelids. The muscle fibres are chiefly attached to the skin and the palpebral ligament at the medial canthus. Action: To close the eyelids.
The muscles of the facial region are described as follows- Superficial muscle / cutaneous muscle This is well developed and extensive. It covers whole of the frontal region-frontalis muscle. The part of the muscle extending over the lower jaw and the masseter and buccinator and blending with the orbicularis oris and in the angle of the
The muscles of the head are placed around the mouth, nostrils, eyelids, external ear, mandible and hyoid bones. The region of the head may therefore be divided into a number of secondary regions for the study of these muscles as Facial region Superficial muscle-cutaneous muscle Muscles of the lips and cheeks Muscles of the nostrils
Muscles of the Tail are situated around the tail enclosed in the strong coccygeal fascia. These muscles gradually diminish in their thickness as they are traced backwards. The movements of the tail are effected by five pairs of coccygeal muscles, three of which are longitudinally disposed around the coccygeal vertebrae and thus cover them completely.
Levatores costarum They are ten or eleven pairs of small, flat, triangular musculo-tendinous fasciculi, which occupy the extreme upper ends of the intercostal spaces. They are blended with the external intercostals at their insertion. Origin: Transverse process of thoracic vertebrae. Insertion: Anterior borders of the succeeding rib. Action: To aid in inspiration. Blood supply: Intercostal arteries. Nerve supply: Intercostal nerves.
Longissimus costarum This muscle is a long, narrow and thin muscle located along the lateral border of the longissimus dorsi and across the ribs. It has distinct lumbarand costal parts. Origin: Lumbar part from the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and the lateral angle of the ilium and the costal part from the anterior borders and lateral surfaces of
